ATI-MN ATI Maternal Newborn Exam - Set 1 - Part 1

Correct Answer: An intrauterine device

Long-acting reversible methods such as the intrauterine device are the most effective because they work continuously and do not depend on the client remembering to act each time. Option b is incorrect because a diaphragm works only when fitted properly and paired with spermicide each time, so its real-world effectiveness falls below an intrauterine device. Option c is incorrect because the calendar method relies on predictable cycles and careful timing of abstinence, which makes it one of the least dependable options. Option d is incorrect because condoms guard against sexually transmitted infections but carry a higher failure rate, since protection depends on correct use during every act.

Correct Answer: I leave it six hours after sex.

The diaphragm must stay in place at least six hours after intercourse so any sperm are no longer able to fertilize, then be removed within a day to limit infection. Option a is incorrect because spermicide goes inside the dome and along the rim with every use; without it the device is far less reliable. Option b is incorrect because wearing the diaphragm longer than a full day sharply raises the risk of toxic shock syndrome, making a three-day span unsafe. Option d is incorrect because refitting is based on a major weight change, a pregnancy, or pelvic surgery rather than simply switching to a different brand.

Correct Answer: Clear stretchy mucus

Around ovulation, estrogen makes cervical mucus thin, clear, slippery, and stretchy like raw egg white, which helps sperm survive and signals the most fertile days to avoid. Option a is incorrect because a scant, dry sensation reflects the low-estrogen part of the cycle rather than the peak fertility the client needs to recognize. Option b is incorrect because the absence of mucus indicates an infertile phase, so intercourse then carries little chance of pregnancy. Option c is incorrect because thick, pasty mucus appears outside the fertile window, when the cervix is less hospitable to sperm and conception is unlikely.

Correct Answer: I can use baby oil as lubricant.

Oil-based products like baby oil weaken latex and cause it to break, so the client needs only water-soluble lubricants, signaling that this statement requires correction. Option b is incorrect because latex condoms do reduce transmission of most sexually transmitted infections, making this an appropriate understanding rather than an error. Option c is incorrect because checking the expiration date is correct teaching, since an expired condom is more likely to tear and fail. Option d is incorrect because leaving an empty space at the tip creates a reservoir for semen and lowers the chance of breakage, so this statement is accurate.

Correct Answer: Keep up calcium and weight-bearing exercise.

Injectable progestin can lower bone density over time, so the nurse encourages adequate calcium intake and weight-bearing activity to help protect the client's bones during use. Option a is incorrect because the return of fertility can be delayed for many months after the last injection, not within a single week. Option b is incorrect because this method prevents pregnancy only; the client still needs condoms to lower the risk of sexually transmitted infections. Option c is incorrect because rubbing the site speeds absorption and shortens how long the dose lasts, so the client should leave the area alone.

Correct Answer: I will report chest or leg pain.

Estrogen raises the risk of clots, so chest pain, shortness of breath, or leg pain can signal a serious clot and must be reported to the provider right away. Option a is incorrect because combined pills work only when taken consistently every day; taking them occasionally leaves the client unprotected. Option b is incorrect because combined pills often improve acne rather than worsen it, so this is not a reason to stop taking them. Option d is incorrect because breakthrough spotting is a common early side effect that usually settles, not a sign the pills have failed.

Correct Answer: Apply it to the upper arm.

The patch is placed on clean, dry skin over areas such as the upper arm, abdomen, buttock, or torso, and it can stay on during bathing and swimming. Option b is incorrect because the patch is never placed on the breast, since that site can expose breast tissue to higher hormone levels. Option c is incorrect because the patch is designed to stay in place through bathing and swimming, so reapplying after each shower is unnecessary. Option d is incorrect because the patch is changed weekly for three weeks with a patch-free fourth week, not once a month.

Correct Answer: I should take it within three days.

Emergency contraception works best when taken as soon as possible and within about three days of unprotected intercourse, because it acts mainly by preventing or delaying ovulation. Option a is incorrect because emergency contraception does not disrupt or end a pregnancy that has already implanted; it works before fertilization or implantation occurs. Option b is incorrect because feeling well says nothing about the risk of pregnancy, so the client should still take the dose promptly to be effective. Option c is incorrect because the dose addresses a single episode of unprotected sex and offers no ongoing protection for the rest of the month.

Correct Answer: Fever with pelvic pain

Fever combined with pelvic pain can signal pelvic infection, a serious complication of an intrauterine device, so the client should contact the provider without delay. Option b is incorrect because the client is taught to check for the string each month; feeling it is reassuring rather than a problem to report. Option c is incorrect because brief cramping shortly after insertion is expected as the uterus adjusts and does not by itself require provider notification. Option d is incorrect because irregular spotting is common in the first few months and usually settles, so it is not an emergency finding.

Correct Answer: Use another method until sperm clears.

Sperm remain in the system for a while after a vasectomy, so the client must use another contraceptive method until semen testing confirms that no sperm are present. Option a is incorrect because a vasectomy is meant to be permanent, and reversal is a complex, costly procedure that is not always successful. Option b is incorrect because sterility is not immediate; remaining sperm must be cleared through repeated ejaculations before the procedure is fully effective. Option d is incorrect because most clients resume routine activity within a couple of days, using scrotal support and rest only briefly for comfort.

Correct Answer: Sudden severe leg pain

Sudden severe leg pain can indicate a blood clot, a dangerous estrogen-related complication, so the nurse stresses that the client must report it to the provider immediately. Option a is incorrect because a small change in weight is a frequent, harmless side effect rather than a sign of a serious complication. Option c is incorrect because mild nausea is a common early side effect that often eases when the pill is taken with food or at bedtime. Option d is incorrect because breast tenderness is an expected hormonal effect that usually lessens over the first few cycles of use.

Correct Answer: I take it the same time daily.

The minipill works at a low progestin dose, so taking it at the same time every day is essential to keep cervical mucus thick and prevent pregnancy reliably. Option b is incorrect because a missed or late minipill quickly lowers protection, so the client should use a backup method if a dose is delayed. Option c is incorrect because the minipill prevents pregnancy only and gives no protection against sexually transmitted infections. Option d is incorrect because timing is strict with this pill; varying the hour reduces its effectiveness, unlike the more forgiving combined pill.

Correct Answer: Semen analysis

Semen analysis is usually the first study because male factors cause a large share of infertility, and the test is simple, low cost, and noninvasive compared with female testing. Option a is incorrect because tubal dye studies are more involved and are scheduled after simpler tests, once an initial semen analysis has been reviewed. Option b is incorrect because laparoscopy requires anesthesia and is reserved for later evaluation, not the opening step of a workup. Option c is incorrect because endometrial sampling is a more invasive female test that follows, rather than precedes, the basic semen analysis.

Correct Answer: Allergy to iodine or shellfish

The procedure uses an iodine-based dye to outline the fallopian tubes, so the nurse must first check for an allergy to iodine or shellfish to prevent a reaction. Option a is incorrect because weight history does not affect the safety of the dye study and is not the priority assessment beforehand. Option b is incorrect because a family cancer history, while useful background, does not pose the immediate safety concern that a dye allergy does. Option d is incorrect because bowel sounds are unrelated to a tubal dye study and would not change how the procedure is carried out.

Correct Answer: It raises the chance of multiples.

Ovulation-stimulating medications can cause more than one follicle to mature, which noticeably increases the chance of a multiple pregnancy, so the client should be prepared for that possibility. Option a is incorrect because these medications promote ovulation and do not protect an established pregnancy from miscarriage. Option b is incorrect because no fertility medication guarantees pregnancy, and stimulating ovulation actually makes a multiple pregnancy more, not less, likely. Option c is incorrect because the medication increases the likelihood of twins or higher-order multiples rather than reducing it.

Correct Answer: Encourage them to express their feelings.

Infertility is a significant life stressor that brings grief and strain, so allowing the couple to talk openly about their feelings supports coping and guides further care. Option b is incorrect because false reassurance dismisses the couple's distress and promises an outcome the nurse cannot guarantee. Option c is incorrect because steering the couple toward adoption ignores their current feelings and removes their right to weigh options themselves. Option d is incorrect because telling the couple to simply relax minimizes a real medical concern and offers no genuine support.

Correct Answer: Fetal heartbeat heard by the examiner

Positive signs can be explained only by pregnancy, and an examiner hearing the fetal heartbeat is one of those confirmed findings, unlike signs that other conditions can mimic. Option a is incorrect because nausea is a presumptive sign reported by the client and can arise from many non-pregnancy causes. Option b is incorrect because a pregnancy test detects a hormone and is a probable sign, since certain conditions can produce a similar result. Option d is incorrect because a missed period is a presumptive sign the client notices, and stress or illness can also cause it.

Correct Answer: Chadwick sign

The deepened bluish-violet color of the cervix and vaginal mucosa from increased blood flow is the Chadwick sign, a probable indicator the examiner observes during pregnancy. Option a is incorrect because quickening describes the first fluttering fetal movements the client feels, not a color change seen on examination. Option c is incorrect because the Hegar sign is softening of the lower uterine segment, which is felt rather than seen as discoloration. Option d is incorrect because ballottement is the rebound of the fetus when the examiner taps the cervix, not a change in tissue color.

Correct Answer: Turn the client onto her side.

These findings suggest the heavy uterus is compressing the major vessel and reducing blood return, so turning the client to her side relieves the pressure and restores circulation. Option a is incorrect because sitting upright fails to shift the uterus away from the vessel and may not relieve the dizziness quickly. Option b is incorrect because oxygen does not address the underlying cause, which is mechanical pressure that side-lying relieves directly. Option c is incorrect because raising the head does not move the uterus off the compressed vessel, so the low blood pressure would continue.

Correct Answer: A dark line down the abdomen

Hormone changes cause a darkened line down the midline of the abdomen called the linea nigra, which is an expected and harmless change of pregnancy. Option b is incorrect because pale, cool skin suggests poor circulation rather than the increased pigmentation typical of pregnancy. Option c is incorrect because yellow-tinged skin can point to a liver problem and is not a normal change to expect during pregnancy. Option d is incorrect because widespread bruising may signal a clotting concern and is not an ordinary skin finding in pregnancy.