ATI-P ATI Pharmacology - Set 3 - Part 3

Correct Answer: It can decrease the frequency of migraine headaches.

Feverfew can decrease the number and severity of migraine headaches, although it does not relieve a migraine that has already started. The nurse explains this preventive use to the client. Option a is incorrect because treating skin infections is not a use of feverfew. Aloe is the supplement used topically for skin and tissue injury, so this response describes a different product and would misinform the client about feverfew. Option c is incorrect because relieving congestion from the common cold is associated with echinacea, not feverfew. This response confuses the two herbs and would give the client inaccurate information about what feverfew is actually used to do. Option d is incorrect because relieving nausea in early pregnancy describes ginger root, not feverfew. This response attributes the wrong use to feverfew, so it does not correctly answer the client's question about what the herb provides.

Correct Answer: Warfarin

Ginkgo biloba can interfere with coagulation and increase the risk of bleeding, which is heightened by an anticoagulant such as warfarin. The nurse identifies warfarin as a medication that interacts with ginkgo. Option a is incorrect because acetaminophen does not carry the same bleeding interaction with ginkgo that aspirin or warfarin does. It is not the medication of concern for this herb's effect on clotting. Option b is incorrect because lisinopril is a blood pressure medication and is not flagged for interaction with ginkgo biloba. The relevant concern with this herb is increased bleeding risk when combined with anticoagulants, not an effect on blood pressure drugs. Option c is incorrect because a multivitamin does not interact with ginkgo biloba in a clinically important way. The key interaction involves medications that affect clotting, such as warfarin, so a routine vitamin is not the product the nurse needs to flag.

Correct Answer: Use this supplement cautiously because of your shellfish allergy.

Glucosamine is used for osteoarthritis but should be used cautiously in clients who have a shellfish allergy. The nurse includes this caution because of the client's allergy history. Option a is incorrect because glucosamine does not improve night vision in any way. Its use targets cartilage and joint health for conditions such as osteoarthritis, so this claim does not reflect what the supplement actually does for the client. Option b is incorrect because glucosamine is used for joint conditions such as osteoarthritis, not high blood pressure. Describing it as a blood pressure treatment misstates its purpose, so this instruction would give the client inaccurate information. Option d is incorrect because glucosamine is not used to lower blood sugar and has no such effect. The relevant teaching for this client centers on the shellfish allergy caution, not a glucose-lowering action the supplement does not possess.

Correct Answer: Avoid black cohosh during pregnancy, especially early on.

Black cohosh should be avoided during pregnancy, especially the first two trimesters. The nurse advises the client to avoid it because of the lack of safety data and the pregnancy precaution. Option b is incorrect because use of black cohosh should be limited to no longer than six months because long-term data are lacking. Suggesting two years of use far exceeds the safe duration. Option c is incorrect because black cohosh is not considered safe throughout pregnancy and carries a clear early-pregnancy precaution. Saying it is safe contradicts the recommendation to avoid it during this time and could place the pregnancy at risk. Option d is incorrect because black cohosh can increase the effects of blood pressure medications rather than helpfully raise pressure, and a higher pressure is not a desired pregnancy goal. This response gives the client inaccurate and unsafe information.

Correct Answer: Serotonin syndrome

St. John's wort affects serotonin, so combining it with another antidepressant can cause serotonin syndrome. The nurse monitors for this condition and advises the client about the interaction. Option a is incorrect because liver failure is linked to kava, not to combining St. John's wort with an antidepressant. This option names the wrong supplement's danger, so it does not describe the actual risk created by the situation in this question. Option c is incorrect because a bleeding episode relates to the antiplatelet herbs such as garlic and ginkgo, not to this serotonergic combination. Bleeding is not the concern when St. John's wort is paired with an antidepressant. Option d is incorrect because a high potassium level is unrelated to St. John's wort and antidepressants. Because the interaction of concern affects serotonin in the body, an electrolyte change does not describe the risk the nurse should monitor for here.

Correct Answer: A prostate-specific antigen test

Saw palmetto can affect the results of a prostate-specific antigen test. The nurse instructs the client to inform the provider about using saw palmetto before that test so results are interpreted correctly. Option a is incorrect because a blood glucose test is not affected by saw palmetto, which targets prostate symptoms instead. The specific test the client should mention is the prostate-specific antigen test, so a glucose measurement is not the concern. Option b is incorrect because a complete blood count is not the test affected by saw palmetto. The supplement specifically can change prostate-specific antigen results, so that is the test the client should report use before, not a routine blood count. Option c is incorrect because a urine culture checks for infection and is not influenced by saw palmetto. Because the herb can change prostate screening results, the client should mention its use before that blood test rather than before a culture.

Correct Answer: The FDA does not recognize the plant.

The FDA does not recognize or approve the marijuana plant as a form of medicine. A statement reflecting this position shows the nurse understands the regulatory status of medical marijuana. Option a is incorrect because cannabis cannot be legally prescribed by health care providers in the United States. Saying a provider must write a prescription misstates how certified clients legally obtain it, so this statement reflects a clear misunderstanding. Option c is incorrect because cannabis is a Schedule one controlled substance, reflecting a high potential for misuse, not a Schedule five drug. This statement names the wrong schedule entirely, so it does not reflect an accurate understanding of the teaching. Option d is incorrect because cannabis cannot be legally dispensed from pharmacies, and certified clients instead obtain it from an authorized dispensary after registering with their program. Saying a pharmacy dispenses it does not reflect accurate understanding.

Correct Answer: Dry mouth

Cannabis commonly causes dry mouth along with effects such as increased heart rate and decreased blood pressure. The nurse includes dry mouth as an adverse effect the client may experience. Option a is incorrect because cannabis tends to increase the heart rate rather than slow it. A slow heart rate is the opposite of its effect, so it does not belong among its adverse effects. Option b is incorrect because raised blood pressure points the wrong way, since cannabis usually lowers it. The drug's cardiovascular effect is a drop in pressure, making elevated blood pressure an inaccurate choice for this teaching. Option c is incorrect because cannabis is associated with decreased urination rather than increased output. This option reverses the actual effect, so increased urination is not correct and would not be among the adverse effects the nurse includes.

Correct Answer: Using a nonmainstream practice together with conventional medicine

Complementary medicine means using a nonmainstream practice together with conventional medicine, rather than in place of it. The nurse describes it this way so clients can distinguish it from the alternative and integrative approaches. Option a is incorrect because using a nonmainstream practice in place of conventional medicine defines alternative medicine, not complementary. This option describes the wrong term, since complementary means used together with conventional care. Option b is incorrect because using only FDA-approved prescription medications describes conventional treatment, not complementary medicine. This option misses the central idea, which is combining a nonmainstream practice together with conventional care rather than relying on prescriptions alone. Option d is incorrect because coordinating care across providers in a holistic way describes integrative health. While related, this is a different concept from complementary medicine, which simply means used alongside c

Correct Answer: Treatment for HIV infection

With chronic use, echinacea can decrease the positive effects of medications for tuberculosis, HIV, or cancer. The nurse advises a client being treated for HIV to talk with the provider about echinacea use. Option a is incorrect because seasonal allergies relate to a possible allergic reaction to echinacea but are not the chronic-use drug interaction in question. The key concern here is reduced effectiveness of HIV therapy. Option c is incorrect because mild hypertension is not the condition affected by long-term echinacea use. The interaction of concern involves medications for HIV, tuberculosis, or cancer, so a client with high blood pressure is not the one to counsel here. Option d is incorrect because a history of kidney stones is unrelated to echinacea's interactions. The real worry with long-term use is weakened immunosuppressant therapy, so a urinary stone history would not prompt this advice.