HESI A2 Elsevier (HESI): HESI Admission Assessment - Set 1 - Part 3

Correct Answer: Breakfast is associated with better attention.

the passage explicitly reports the association between breakfast and morning attention while warning against causation, so the modest claim of association is exactly what the evidence in the passage actually supports. Option a is incorrect because the passage explicitly states that the association does not prove causation, so saying breakfast skipping directly causes poor attention contradicts the writer's own warning and overreaches the modest evidence presented here. Option b is incorrect because calling breakfast the only way to improve focus excludes every other possible factor and overstates the modest finding, which the passage itself qualifies with a list of confounding lifestyle behaviors mentioned by researchers. Option c is incorrect because the claim that all adults must eat breakfast every morning takes a hedged research finding and turns it into a universal rule, which is exactly the kind of overreach a careful inference question rewards rejecting.

Correct Answer: Multiple factors may have contributed.

with private rooms, ventilation, and a younger team all differing between wards, the modest inference that multiple factors may have contributed is exactly what the cautious evidence in the passage supports for an answer. Option a is incorrect because the passage explicitly notes that administrators are studying which factors drove the improvement, so attributing the result to private rooms alone overshoots the open-ended investigation the writer is reporting for the reader. Option b is incorrect because naming the younger team as the only reason ignores the other listed differences such as rooms and ventilation, so this absolute claim overreaches the layered evidence the passage explicitly presents in its sentences. Option d is incorrect because national ward closure is far beyond the local hospital comparison the passage describes, so this sweeping policy claim overshoots what the modest one-hospital evidence in the passage can possibly support for the reader.

Correct Answer: Yoga shows promise needing further study.

with a small sample, no control group, and the authors' explicit call for larger trials, the modest inference that yoga shows preliminary promise that needs further study is exactly what the cautious evidence supports. Option b is incorrect because calling yoga proven contradicts the authors' own warning about sample size and the absence of a control group, so this absolute claim directly overshoots the hedged finding the passage explicitly presents for the reader. Option c is incorrect because the passage does not compare yoga with pain medication at all, so calling for medication replacement imports a clinical recommendation the text does not make and overreaches the modest pilot evidence presented. Option d is incorrect because lifelong outcomes for the twenty volunteers go far beyond the eight-week observation window, so this sweeping claim about lasting effects overshoots the short-term evidence the passage actually offers about this small group.

Correct Answer: A later start may benefit these nurses.

with reports of better rest, less caffeine, and fewer charting errors all linked to the later start, the modest inference that a later start may benefit nurses on this unit is what the evidence supports. Option a is incorrect because the absolute claim that earlier shifts always cause more errors goes far beyond the unit-level survey the passage describes, so this sweeping causal claim overshoots the modest local evidence the writer offers the reader. Option c is incorrect because calling caffeine the sole reason for errors picks one factor out of several and treats it as the whole explanation, which contradicts the passage's joint mention of rest, caffeine, and charting and overreaches the cues. Option d is incorrect because national policy across every hospital cannot be supported by one cardiac unit's survey, so this sweeping claim overshoots the modest local evidence the passage actually provides about a single workplace and team.

Correct Answer: Home visits show promise needing more study.

with five patients, a six-month window, and the worker's explicit caution about a missing comparison group, the modest inference that home visits show early promise needing more study is exactly what the evidence supports. Option a is incorrect because preventing all emergency use everywhere goes far beyond the five-patient caseload the passage describes, so this universal claim overshoots the modest local evidence the writer presents and inflates one observation into a rule. Option b is incorrect because firing emergency-department staff is a sweeping policy that the passage neither raises nor supports, so this inference imports a recommendation the text does not make and overreaches its small caseload evidence entirely. Option c is incorrect because calling home visits necessary for all chronically ill patients turns a hedged five-patient observation into a universal rule, which is exactly the kind of overreach the writer's own caution about small numbers warns against.

Correct Answer: The skin is a multifunctional layered organ.

the passage lists barrier, temperature, vitamin D, and sensation duties, then names three layers that perform them, and this option captures both the multiple functions and the layered structure faithfully for an answer. Option a is incorrect because vitamin D synthesis is one of several functions named in the passage, but a faithful summary must capture the multiple roles together rather than picking a single duty out of the writer's broader list. Option b is incorrect because touch receptors are one of several sensory roles named, but a faithful summary cannot claim only when the passage lists pressure and pain as well, so this option narrows and contradicts the writer's listed details. Option d is incorrect because calling the skin a passive covering directly contradicts the active functional list the passage provides, so this option fails the basic accuracy check that any faithful summary of an expository passage must clear.

Correct Answer: Blood circulates in a closed heart loop.

the passage frames the system as a closed loop driven by the heart with arteries, capillaries, and veins playing roles, and this option captures the loop and the heart's central role faithfully for an answer. Option b is incorrect because naming capillaries the only important vessels ignores arteries and veins, which the passage gives equal weight, so this option narrows the writer's list and fails the inclusion check any faithful summary must clear. Option c is incorrect because placing the lungs in the digestive system contradicts the passage, which keeps the lungs in the cardiovascular loop, so this option fails the basic accuracy check that any faithful summary must clear before selection. Option d is incorrect because limiting the heart's pumping to the lungs and back drops the body-wide tissue circulation the passage names, so this option narrows the loop and fails the inclusion check that any faithful summary must clear.

Correct Answer: Type 1 is autoimmune, needing lifelong insulin.

the passage names the autoimmune cause, the symptoms, the ketoacidosis risk, and the lifelong insulin treatment, and this option captures both the cause and the central treatment faithfully without distorting the original. Option a is incorrect because treating type 1 with diet alone directly contradicts the passage's clear statement that insulin therapy is required for life, so this option fails the basic accuracy check any faithful summary must clear before selection. Option c is incorrect because the passage identifies type 1 specifically and does not equate it with type 2, so claiming the two are the same imports a comparison the text does not make and fails the accuracy check. Option d is incorrect because the passage states that type 1 typically presents in childhood, so claiming it only affects the elderly directly contradicts the writer's information and fails the basic accuracy check any faithful summary must clear.

Correct Answer: Acute stress helps but chronic harms.

the passage builds a clear contrast between adaptive acute stress and harmful chronic stress without recovery, and this option captures both halves of that contrast with the proportional weight a faithful summary requires. Option a is incorrect because calling all stress harmful directly contradicts the passage, which describes stress in the right amount as adaptive, so this option fails the basic accuracy check that any faithful summary of the passage must clear. Option b is incorrect because limiting stress relevance to emergencies drops the chronic harm the passage spends most of its sentences describing, so this option narrows the writer's argument and fails the inclusion check for faithful summary. Option c is incorrect because naming sleep the most important factor picks one example from a list and elevates it above the others, but the passage gives no ranking, so this option distorts the writer's balanced list and fails accuracy.

Correct Answer: Hospice is goal-directed comfort, not surrender.

the passage performs a clear reframing of hospice as goal-directed comfort rather than surrender and this option captures the central reframing without overstating the survival or quality findings the writer cites. Option a is incorrect because the passage hedges with phrases such as in many cases, so claiming hospice patients always live longer strips the qualifier and fails the accuracy check that any faithful summary must clear before selection. Option b is incorrect because the passage does not restrict hospice to cancer or to any specific diagnostic group, so adding that limit introduces narrowing not present in the original text and fails the inclusion check for a faithful summary. Option d is incorrect because calling for aggressive care to never continue is far stronger than the passage's claim, which only contrasts hospice with curative care for terminal illness, so this option overshoots and fails the accuracy check directly.