NR-228 Nutrition, Health & Wellness - Set 2 - Part 3

Correct Answer: Ten to thirty-five percent of calories

The acceptable macronutrient distribution range for protein in adults is ten to thirty-five percent of total energy. It is expressed as a share of calories, unlike the allowance, which is grams per kilogram. Option a is incorrect because that band is the distribution range for carbohydrate rather than protein. Giving it here would push protein to roughly half the day's energy, far above any recommendation. Option b is incorrect because twenty to thirty-five percent is the adult range for total fat. The lower boundary is wrong for protein, since ten percent of energy already covers the allowance. Option c is incorrect because five to twenty percent is the protein range set for toddlers aged one to three years. An adult range starts higher and extends to thirty-five percent.

Correct Answer: Ground flaxseed stirred into oatmeal

Flaxseed is the richest plant source of alpha-linolenic acid, the omega-3 essential fatty acid. The teaching point is that plants supply alpha-linolenic acid only, and conversion to the long-chain forms is poor. Option a is incorrect because corn oil is a leading source of linoleic acid, which belongs to the omega-6 family. Americans already consume linoleic acid abundantly, so adding more does not address this client's need. Option c is incorrect because sunflower seeds and sunflower oil sit on the polyunsaturated list as omega-6 foods. Walnuts and chia seeds are the seed and nut choices that actually supply alpha-linolenic acid. Option d is incorrect because safflower oil is another omega-6 polyunsaturated oil, grouped with corn, sunflower, soybean and cottonseed. Canola oil would be the better cooking choice here, since it carries alpha-linolenic acid.

Correct Answer: Leave the drink in place and notify the nurse

Deciding whether an outside food fits a prescribed diet requires nursing judgment and client teaching. Assistive personnel should leave the item and report it so the nurse can assess and teach. Option a is incorrect because taking a client's belongings away without explanation removes any chance to teach and damages trust. Carbohydrate consistent eating is managed by counting and planning, not by confiscation. Option b is incorrect because the statement is both untrue and delivered by the wrong person. A sweetened drink can be worked into a carbohydrate plan, and any such teaching belongs to the nurse. Option c is incorrect because recording a refusal that never happened falsifies the intake record. Accurate documentation of what a client actually drinks is one of the few nutrition tasks assistive personnel own.

Correct Answer: "I will cut out all fat to lose faster."

Removing fat entirely risks essential fatty acid deficiency with dry scaly skin, hair loss and poor wound healing, and it impairs absorption of vitamins A, D, E and K. Adults need twenty to thirty five percent. Option a is incorrect because roughly a third of calories from fat sits comfortably inside the adult range of twenty to thirty five percent. That statement shows the client understood the target. Option b is incorrect because substituting a monounsaturated oil for a solid saturated fat is precisely the swap taught for lipid health. Nothing in that plan needs correcting by the nurse. Option d is incorrect because two servings of non fried fish weekly is the recommended amount, and frying is what would cancel the benefit. This client has the instruction right.

Correct Answer: "Adding protein or fat flattens my glucose rise."

Fat and protein slow gastric emptying and lower a food's glycemic index, so a mixed meal produces a flatter, later glucose rise than the same carbohydrate taken alone. That is accurate understanding. Option a is incorrect because sugar alcohols are declared within total carbohydrate and must be counted. They raise glucose less than sugar does, but a whole box of sugar free candy still raises it. Option c is incorrect because chain length does not set glycemic index. White bread, baked potato and corn are all complex carbohydrate foods that sit in the high glycemic index group. Option d is incorrect because watermelon has a high glycemic index but a low glycemic load. An ordinary serving is mostly water and carries little carbohydrate, so avoiding it is unnecessary.

Correct Answer: Very-low-density lipoprotein, built inside the liver

Very-low-density lipoprotein carries the triglyceride the liver manufactures, and after an overnight fast the dietary chylomicrons have already been cleared. The fasting triglyceride result therefore reflects mainly very-low-density lipoprotein. Option b is incorrect because chylomicrons are built in the intestine and carry the fat from the most recent meal. They are cleared from the circulation during an overnight fast, so they contribute little here. Option c is incorrect because high-density lipoprotein is the densest and smallest particle, carrying the least fat of all. Its cargo is cholesterol collected from tissues, not triglyceride leaving the liver. Option d is incorrect because low-density lipoprotein is what remains after triglyceride has been stripped from very-low-density lipoprotein in the capillaries. By that point the particle is cholesterol-rich and triglyceride-poor.

Correct Answer: Variety across the whole day is enough

Amino acids absorbed at one meal remain in the amino acid pool for later use, and endogenous turnover adds more. A varied plant diet with adequate calories supplies all essential amino acids over the day. Option a is incorrect because the same-meal rule was a conservative simplification that has been retired. Both the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics and MedlinePlus state that balance over the whole day matters more. Option b is incorrect because plant foods alone meet protein needs when the diet is varied and energy intake is adequate. A small amount of dairy or egg helps but is not required. Option d is incorrect because restricting calories makes the problem worse rather than better. When energy runs short the body burns dietary protein for fuel, so even generous plant protein stops building tissue.

Correct Answer: The client on a fluid restriction

Fiber works by drawing and holding water, so a client taking a bulk forming agent on restricted fluid is at real risk of hardened stool, fecal impaction and bowel obstruction. That client needs assessment before the others. Option a is incorrect because flatulence is the expected consequence of colonic bacteria fermenting a new fiber load. It settles as the bacteria adapt over one to two weeks and carries no threat to the bowel. Option b is incorrect because stewed prunes add still more fiber and fluid to the bowel, which loosens stool rather than hardening it. Looser movements are uncomfortable but are not the urgent finding here. Option c is incorrect because generous fluid is precisely what the nurse wants alongside a fiber supplement. Water is what lets the fiber soften and bulk the stool, so this client is doing exactly the right thing.

Correct Answer: The man with the extensive burns

Burn injury and immobility both drive catabolism through cortisol, catecholamines and glucagon, so nitrogen output from muscle breakdown exceeds nitrogen intake. Losing nitrogen faster than it is replaced defines negative nitrogen balance. Option a is incorrect because pregnancy builds fetal, placental and uterine tissue, so nitrogen is retained rather than lost. That anabolic state is the textbook example of positive nitrogen balance. Option c is incorrect because an adolescent mending a fracture is both growing and repairing tissue. Two anabolic demands at once push intake above output, which places this client in positive balance. Option d is incorrect because a healthy adult whose weight is steady synthesizes and breaks down protein at matched rates. Intake equals output, which is nitrogen equilibrium rather than a deficit.

Correct Answer: Nine amino acids are dietary essentials

Twenty standard amino acids build human protein, and nine of them are essential because the body cannot synthesize them fast enough. Histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan and valine must come from food. Option b is incorrect because eleven is the count of nonessential amino acids, the ones the liver builds by transamination. Those are dispensable in the diet precisely because hepatic synthesis keeps pace with the body's demand. Option c is incorrect because twenty names the total number of standard amino acids used in human protein, not the number that must be eaten. Study guides that say twenty essential amino acids have confused the two counts. Option d is incorrect because four understates the requirement badly and matches no recognized category of amino acid. It may reflect the four elements in protein, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen, which is a different fact entirely.