NR-324 Adult Health I - Set 5 - Part 3

Correct Answer: We can share meals and eating utensils safely

HIV is not spread by sharing dishes or utensils, by hugging, by toilet seats or by any casual contact. The virus does not survive long outside the body and needs no household separation. Option a is incorrect because dishes and utensils carry no risk, and separating them isolates the client for no reason. Saliva does not transmit HIV, and washing dishes normally is sufficient. Option b is incorrect because touching and hugging never transmit this virus, and withholding affection deepens the isolation that clients already describe. Treatment suppresses the virus but never clears it from the body. Option c is incorrect because a shared bathroom poses no hazard, since urine, feces and sweat do not carry infectious virus. Routine household cleaning is all the couple needs.

Correct Answer: Wash with soap and running water

Clostridioides difficile forms spores that alcohol cannot kill. Soap and running water remove them mechanically, lifting the spores off the skin and carrying them away. Vigorous washing for at least fifteen seconds is required. Option a is incorrect because alcohol denatures proteins on living cells but cannot penetrate the protective shell of a spore. The rub is the default for most organisms and fails specifically against this one. Option b is incorrect because gloves are worn in addition to washing, never as a replacement for it. Gloves leak and hands become contaminated during removal, so soap and water must still follow glove removal. Option d is incorrect because surface disinfectant wipes are intended for equipment and environmental surfaces, not skin. Spores cling to the hands and need friction under running water to be physically carried down the drain.

Correct Answer: The allopurinol is continued without any interruption

Urate lowering therapy already in place is continued through a flare. Stopping it swings the serum urate again and can prolong or trigger another attack, while the flare itself is treated with anti-inflammatory drugs. Option b is incorrect because holding the drug causes exactly the urate shift that provokes flares. The rule that allopurinol is not begun during an attack applies to starting it, not to continuing an established dose. Option c is incorrect because raising the dose during a flare drives another abrupt change in serum urate and may mobilize more crystals. Dose adjustments are made later, guided by repeat urate levels. Option d is incorrect because allopurinol is an oral xanthine oxidase inhibitor taken every day, and no weekly injection substitutes for it. Switching drugs mid flare would delay control of the inflammation.

Correct Answer: Keep the client still and call the surgeon

A shortened, adducted and internally rotated leg after a pop signals a posterior prosthetic dislocation. The hip is immobilized as found, the surgeon is notified at once, and the client is kept without food for reduction. Option a is incorrect because moving the client into a chair bends the dislocated hip and can damage the surrounding nerves, vessels and soft tissue. The leg is left exactly where it lies. Option b is incorrect because putting a dislocated prosthesis through range of motion worsens the displacement and the pain. Reduction is a medical procedure done under sedation or anesthesia, not at the bedside. Option c is incorrect because heat does nothing for a joint that has come apart, and the delay it creates matters. The prosthetic head must be replaced in the cup promptly to protect the limb.

Correct Answer: The gloves carry the heaviest contamination of all

Gloves touched every surface in the room, so they are the most heavily contaminated item and come off first. Removing them before anything else prevents transferring that contamination to the face, hair or clothing during the rest of doffing. Option a is incorrect because eye protection ranks second, not first, in the removal order. Its front surface is certainly soiled, which is why it is handled only by the headband or earpieces from behind. Option b is incorrect because protecting the gown is not the reason for the sequence. The gown is discarded anyway, and one accepted alternative peels the gown and gloves off together as a single inside out bundle. Option d is incorrect because the facial barrier that stays on longest is the mask or respirator, not the goggles. Eye protection comes off second, and for an airborne room the respirator is removed only after the door closes.

Correct Answer: "Your own immune system built antibodies and memory against the virus."

A vaccine supplies antigen, not antibody. The employee's own B cells responded, produced antibody and left memory cells behind, which is active immunity. Protection developed slowly over the series but will last and can be boosted. Option a is incorrect because no donor antibody is present in a vaccine. Short-lived borrowed protection describes immune globulin, and telling the employee the series lasts only months would wrongly suggest repeated dosing every few months. Option c is incorrect because passive immunity means antibody made elsewhere and handed over. Vaccination is the opposite arrangement, and its protection is not immediate; weeks are needed before the antibody titer rises to a protective level. Option d is incorrect because the employee received surface antigen, which demanded an active response from the employee's own lymphocytes. Saying no response was required reverses the mechanism and describes hepatitis B immune globulin instead of the vaccine.

Correct Answer: The wound has a surgical site infection.

Purulent drainage is the most specific sign of surgical site infection. Spreading erythema, increasing pain and fever appearing from about the third postoperative day mark infection rather than the settling inflammation of the first days. Option a is incorrect because expected postoperative inflammation is mild, confined to the suture line, and settling by the third day. Findings that spread and intensify after that point signal infection. Option b is incorrect because secondary intention describes a wound deliberately left open to granulate from the base upward. This incision was surgically approximated, so it was closed by primary intention. Option d is incorrect because granulation tissue is beefy red, moist and confined to the wound bed. Thick yellow drainage with fever describes bacterial invasion, not the new capillaries of proliferation.

Correct Answer: A neutropenic client with a low-grade fever

A single temperature above one hundred point four degrees Fahrenheit in a neutropenic client is a medical emergency. With no neutrophils, a low-grade fever may be the only warning before septic shock, and classic infection signs are absent. Option a is incorrect because moderate incisional pain is expected after surgery and can be addressed once the emergency is handled. Pain at that level is uncomfortable but carries no immediate threat to airway, circulation or survival. Option c is incorrect because a scheduled dressing change is routine care that tolerates a short delay. Nothing in that finding suggests deterioration, and the task could reasonably be rearranged or completed later in the shift. Option d is incorrect because a routine analgesia request, while important for comfort, does not outrank a possible sepsis. Medication can be given promptly after the client at risk of rapid decline has been evaluated.

Correct Answer: Walk daily and do resistance exercise

Bone responds to load, so weight bearing walking and resistance training stimulate the cells that build bone. Adequate calcium and vitamin D, no smoking, and fall proofing the home complete the plan. Option b is incorrect because swimming is buoyant and places almost no load on the skeleton. It benefits the heart and the joints but does little to stimulate bone formation at the hip or spine. Option c is incorrect because inactivity accelerates bone loss rather than protecting the skeleton. Immobility is itself a risk factor, and stopping exercise also weakens the muscles and balance that prevent falls. Option d is incorrect because vitamin A has no role in this plan and very high intakes are linked with weaker bone. The vitamin needed for calcium absorption from the gut is vitamin D.

Correct Answer: Keep the weights hanging free at all times

Skeletal traction is continuous, and the pull is lost the moment a weight is lifted or supported. The nurse teaches every helper that weights hang free and are removed only by the provider. Option a is incorrect because lifting a weight, even briefly, releases the pull and lets the fracture fragments override. Linen changes are made with the client in alignment and the pull unbroken. Option b is incorrect because a weight resting on anything transmits no force to the bone. Contact with the mattress or frame stops the traction as completely as taking the weight off. Option c is incorrect because nobody removes skeletal traction weights except the provider, and assistive personnel never adjust them. Turning is done within the ordered line of pull using the overhead trapeze.